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Business and Technical English (ENG201)
Question No.1                                                                                                           (10)
As a Marketing Manager of Nestle Pakistan, you are to introduce your latest dairy milk product to the market. You have to make use of at least three Visual Aids to support your standpoint. What sort of Visual aids will you take up to make your presentation more persuasive? Give at least three reasons for selecting these aids.                                                                                                           
Question No.2
Rewrite each of these sentences so that the modifier is correctly placed.                         (5)          
Alina served hot sandwiches, fries, and potato salad to her guests on paper plates.
The red sports car was reported stolen by the police officer.
Covered with dirt, I saw the farmer plowing his field on my bike.
While lacing my shoelaces, the cat yawned and settled into the chair.
Crowded in the car, we were uncomfortable during the trip.
Solution:
IDEA:
Types of Visual Aids
Objects
The use of objects as visual aids involves bringing the actual object to demonstrate on during the speech. For example, a speech about tying knots would be more effective by bringing in a rope.
Pro: the use of the actual object is often necessary when demonstrating how to do something so that the audience can fully understand procedure.
Con: some objects are too large or unavailable for a speaker to bring with them.
Models
Models are representations of another object that serve to demonstrate that object when use of the real object is ineffective for some reason. Examples include human skeletal systems, the solar system, or architecture.
Pros: models can serve as substitutes that provide a better example of the real thing to the audience when the object being spoken about is of an awkward size or composure for use in the demonstration.
Cons: sometimes a model may take away from the reality of what is being spoken about. For example, the vast size of the solar system cannot be seen from a model, and the actual composure of a human body cannot be seen from a dummy.
Graphs
Graphs are used to visualize relationships between different quantities. Various types are used as visual aids, including bar graphs, line graphs, pie graphs, and scatter plots.
Pros: graphs help the audience to visualize statistics so that they make a greater impact than just listing them verbally would.
Cons: graphs can easily become cluttered during use in a speech by including too much detail, overwhelming the audience and making the graph ineffective.
Maps
Maps show geographic areas that are of interest to the speech. They often are used as aids when speaking of differences between geographical areas or showing the location of something.
Pros: when maps are simple and clear, they can be used to effectively make points about certain areas. For example, a map showing the building site for a new hospital could show its close location to key neighborhoods, or a map could show the differences in distribution of AIDS victims in North American and African countries.
Cons: inclusion of too much detail on a map can cause the audience to lose focus on the key point being made. Also, if the map is disproportional or unrealistic, it may prove ineffective for the point being made.
Tables
Tables are columns and rows that organize words, symbols, and/or data.
Pros: Good tables are easy to understand. They are a good way to compare facts and to gain a better overall understanding of the topic being discussed. For example, a table is a good choice to use when comparing the amount of rainfall in 3 counties each month.
Cons: Tables are not very interesting or pleasing to the eye. They can be overwhelming if too much information is in a small space or the information is not organized in a convenient way. A table is not a good choice to use if the person viewing it has to take a lot of time to be able to understand it. Tables can be visual distractions if it is hard to read because the font is too small or the writing is too close together. It can also be a visual distraction if the table is not drawn evenly.
Photographs
Pros:Photographs are good tools to make or emphasize a point or to explain a topic. For example, when explaining the shanty-towns in a third word country it would be beneficial to show a picture of one so the reader can have a better understanding of how those people live. A photograph is also good to use when the actual object cannot be viewed. For example, in a health class learning about cocaine, the teacher cannot bring in cocaine to show the class because that would be illegal, but the teacher could show a picture of cocaine to the class. Using local photos can also help emphasize how your topic is important in the audience's area.[8]
Cons: If the photograph is too small it just becomes a distraction. Enlarging photographs can be expensive if not using a power point or other viewing device.
Drawings/Diagrams
Pros: Drawings or diagrams can be used when photographs do not show exactly what the speaker wants to show or explain. It could also be used when a photograph is too detailed. For example, a drawing or diagram of the circulatory system throughout the body is a lot more effective than a picture of a cadaver showing the circulatory system.
Cons:If not drawn correctly a drawing can look sloppy and be ineffective. This type of drawing will appear unprofessional.
Visual Aids Media: Simple to Advanced
Chalkboard or Whiteboard
Chalkboards and whiteboards are very useful visual aids, particularly when more advanced types of media are unavailable. They are cheap and also allow for much flexibility. [7] The use of chalkboards or whiteboards is convenient, but they are not a perfect visual aid. Often, using this medium as an aid can create confusion or boredom. Particularly if a student who is not familiar with how to properly use visual aids attempts to draw on a board while they are speaking, they detract time and attention from their actual speech.[7]
Poster Board
A poster is a very simple and easy visual aid. Posters can display charts, graphs, pictures, or illustrations. The biggest drawback of using a poster as a visual aid is that often a poster can appear unprofessional. Since a poster board paper is relatively flimsy, often the paper will bend or fall over. The best way to present a poster is to hang it up or tape it to a wall.[7]
Handout
Handouts can also display charts, graphs, pictures, or illustrations. An important aspect of the use of a handout is that a person can keep a handout with them long after the presentation is over. This can help the person better remember what was discussed. Passing out handouts, however, can be extremely distracting. Once a handout is given out, it might potentially be difficult to bring back your audience’s attention. The person who receives the handout might be tempted to read what is on the paper, which will keep them from listening to what the speaker is saying. If using a handout, the speaker distributes the hand out right before you reference it.[9]Distributing handouts is acceptable in a lecture that is an hour or two, but in a short lecture of five to ten minutes, a handout should not be used.[7]
Video Excerpts
A video can be a great visual aid and attention grabber, however, a video is not a replacement for an actual speech. There are several potential drawbacks to playing a video during a speech or lecture. First, if a video is playing that includes audio, the speaker will not be able to talk. Also, if the video is very exciting and interesting, it can make what the speaker is saying appear boring and uninteresting. The key to showing a video during a presentation is to make sure to transition smoothly into the video and to only show very short clips.[7]
Projection Equipment
There are several types of projectors. These include slide projectors, PowerPoint presentations, overhead projectors, and computer projectors. Slide projectors are the oldest form of projector, and are no longer used. PowerPoint presentations are very popular and are used often. Overhead projectors are still used but are somewhat inconvenient to use. In order to use an overhead projector, a transparency must be made of whatever is being projected onto the screen. This takes time and costs money. Computer projectors are the most technologically advanced projectors. When using a computer projector, pictures and slides are easily taken right from a computer either online or from a saved file and are blown up and shown on a large screen. Though computer projectors are technologically advanced, they are not always completely reliable because technological breakdowns are not uncommon of the computers of today.[7]
Computer-Assisted Presentations
PowerPoint presentations can be an extremely useful visual aid, especially for longer presentations. For five to ten minute presentations, it is probably not worth the time or effort to put together a PowerPoint. For longer presentations, however, PowerPoints can be a great way to keep the audience engaged and keep the speaker on track. A potential drawback of using a PowerPoint is that it usually takes a lot of time and energy to put together. There is also the possibility of a computer malfunction, which can mess up the flow of a presentation.

if we read question with care then we understand the actual question in 1st question life insurance company want fresh graduate so plz keep in mind if a graduate is a B.Com or BBA then he can done internship and some time student start jobs in vacations so plz read this format and fill in your own words. Miss Isha you send sample of resum for working people who have already experience in various  insurance companies this question is related to fresh graduate students so plz all student fill resume with care and first thought about fresh graduate and his skills takecare
Format of Functional Résum\
Personal Details        
Name               XXXXX XXXX    

Email                zxy@live.com

Contact No.     XXXX-XXXXXXX

Career Objective:

Academic Qualification
 Sr.No    Examination                    Year             Marks       division      Institution/Board

  (1)        Matriculation    

  (2)         D.com                     

  (3)         B.com/B.A              

Personal Skills
Internships/ Vacation Work Experience

Relevant Skills

REFERENCE:\

Q2: Read the given situation and underline the elements that show ‘Stage Fright’.                                                                                                                                                  5
Mr. Smith is working with Prof. Huxley as teacher assistant at the school of Business and Management Sciences in the University of Newcastle, Australia. He was supposed to give an oral presentation on “Types of Jobs Interviews” to Business Communication students. During his walk to the stage, his knees began to shake but tried to overlook it and posed to be confident and composed. He reached the stage, mumbled while giving his introduction and started describing his topic without greeting the audience. ‘There are a variety of types of interviews that employers may conduct,’ and put his hands in his pockets, ‘including behavioural interviews, group interviews, phone and video interviews, second interviews, and even interviews held during a meal,’ touching his hair. While loosening his tie, he continued ‘One of the reasons employers take job candidates out to lunch or dinner is to evaluate their social skills and to see if they can handle themselves gracefully under pressure’ (sigh of relief….). While sorting out his notes he resumed his description on types of interviews, firmly clenched his hands and started from case interviews to competency based interviews to informational interview to group interview to interview at public places to mock interview to final interview and many times ignored the raised hand for question from the audience.

Population Profiles of Pakistan

From hunting, gathering and foraging society to the present industrial and modernized world man is in
continuous struggle for survival. But the major portion of the population of the world is still facing
hunger problem. Hundreds of children die of malnutrition daily in this world. Whom we should blame
to? The rapid growth of populations; policies of governments; developed countries; or something else.
The   real   picture   is   that   the   most   of   the   world   is  facing   crisis.   When   we   peep   into   the   situation   of
Pakistan, the country is facing adverse crisis of population growth. Being a sociologist, to deal with
the issue of over population and to analyze the future trends it is necessary to have information about
population statistics. In this regard, you are supposed to do the following activity.

Q No. 01. Compile a statistical report on following population elements for year 2010 or 2011.                 4

    • Age Distribution
    • Sex Composition
    • Literacy Composition
    • Distribution of Population

Important: You can get data from UN or Federal Beaurue of Statistics websites. Mention the sources
in report.

Q No. 02. In the light of obtained facts and figures you are supposed to analyze the trends of
population by giving answers to the following questions.
    1.  How age Structure affects the development of society?
    2.  How sex Composition affects the expansion of society?
    3.  How literacy Composition is linked with social development of Pakistan?
    4.  How population distribution is linked to food security?

Q No. 03. On the basis of analysis of Q2, you are required to suggest three areas of improvement
in Population policy of Pakistan.     3

SolutiON::

The Changing Demographic Profile of the United States

         he United States, the third-largest population globally, accounts for about 4.5% of the
         world’s population. The U.S. population—estimated in the 2010 Census at 308.7 million
                   1                                                                             2
         persons —has more than doubled from its 1950 level of 152.3 million.  More than just
T
being double in size, the U.S. population has become qualitatively different from what it was in
1950. As noted by the Population Reference Bureau, “The U.S. is getting bigger, older, and more
diverse.”3 The objective of this report is to highlight some of the demographic changes that have

already occurred since 1950 and to illustrate how these and future trends will reshape the nation
in the decades to come.4

While this report will not discuss policy options, it is important to recognize that the inexorable
demographic momentum will produce an increasingly older population in the United States.
There is ample reason to believe that the United States will be able to cope with the current and
projected changes if policymakers address and adapt to the changing demographic profile as it
relates to a number of essential domains such as work, retirement, and pensions, private wealth
and income security, transfer systems, and the health and well-being of the aging population.5

These topics are discussed briefly in the final section of this report.

Population Size and Growth—The United States Is Getting Bigger

The U.S. population has experienced remarkable growth since 1950. From a base of about 152
million Americans in 1950, an additional 156 million persons were added to the population
between 1950 and 2009, with the number of additional women slightly outnumbering additional
men (see Figure 1). This increase (of about 103%) in the size of the U.S. population was
remarkable compared with other industrialized countries. Germany and Italy, for instance, grew
by only 21% and 30% respectively during the same period.6 And, a number of countries, most

notably in Eastern Europe, have recently experienced absolute reductions in the size of their
populations.7

1
  U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Resident Population at http://www.census.gov/.
2 U.S. Census Bureau, International Data Base (IDB), at http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/country.php, September

22, 2009.
3 P. Scommegna, U.S. growing bigger, older, and more diverse. Population Reference Bureau, April 2004, at

http://www.prb.org/.
4 Through year 2050 is considered in this report.
5 National Research Council, 2001, Preparing for an Aging World: The Case for Cross-National Research, Panel on a

Research Agenda and New Data for an Aging World, Committee on Population and Committee on National Statistics,
Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Washington, DC: National Academy Press (hereinafter
cited as National Research Council, Preparing for an Aging World).
6 CRS calculations based on data in United Nations, World Population Prospects: the 2008 Revision, Highlights,

United Nations: New York, 2009, available at http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/
wpp2008_highlights.pdf. These data have not been updated since 2008; therefore, it is not possible to make
comparisons through 2010. 

• You are required to create a class named Location.

• It will have two private data member longitude and latitude.
• These data members will be assigned values through constructor parameters. For example obj1(20,30).
• Overloaded ++ operator will increase the both longitude and latitude values by one, overloaded -- will decrease both by one.
• By overloading new operator, you will allocate the memory dynamically for the object of class Location.
• The overloaded delete operator will free (de-allocate) the allocated memory.
• You have to create two objects of class Location. One object will be created through overloaded new operator and other will be created without it.
• A message “Overloaded new operator called”, embedded inside overloading function for new operator, should be displayed when the object is created through new operator.
• Similarly, a message “Overload delete operator called” should be displayed upon calling overloaded function of delete operator.
• Assign the values (10, 20) and (30, 40) for longitude and latitude for object 1 and 2 respectively.

Solution::

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <conio.h>

using namespace std;
class Location {
int longitude, latitude;
public:
Location() {}
// parameterized constructor
Location(int lg, int lt) {
longitude = lg;
latitude = lt;
}
void show() {
cout << "Longitude = " <<longitude << endl;
cout << "Latitude = " <<latitude << "\n";
}
void *operator new(size_t size); //overloaded new operator receive a parameter size of size_t
void operator delete(void *p);
Location operator--(int x);
Location operator++(int x);
};
// new overloaded relative to loc.
void *Location::operator new(size_t size) 
{
void *p;
cout << "Overloaded new operator called...\n";
p = malloc(size);   // allocate memory through alloc
return p;   // return the position
}
// delete overloaded relative to loc.
void Location::operator delete(void *p)
{
cout << "Overload delete operator called...\n";
free(p);   // free the allocatated position
}
// -- overloaded
Location Location::operator--(int x)
{
longitude--;    // decrement the longitude
latitude--;    // decrement the latitude
return *this;
}
// ++ overloaded
Location Location::operator++(int x)
{
longitude++;   // increment the longitude
latitude++;  // increment the latitude
return *this;
}

int main()
{
Location *p1 = new Location (10, 20);  
cout<< endl <<"Coordinates for Location 1 :" << endl;
p1->show();

cout<< endl <<"After applying overloaded ++ operator on Location 1"<<endl;
(*p1)++;
p1->show();

Location p2(30, 40);     
cout<< endl <<"Coordinates for Location 2 :" << endl;
p2.show();

cout<< endl <<"After applying overloaded -- operator on Location 2"<<endl;
p2--;
p2.show();

cout << endl;
delete p1;   // free the memory

getch();
return 0;
}

• Use the same Customer class you implemented in Assignment#3.

• This time you don’t need the friend function for calculation of total bill according to spending.
• You can modify the class (add or delete some functions) as per program requirement.
• You will overload extraction operator >> for getting input for an object of Customer class.
• You will also overload insertion operator << for displaying the customer information on screen.
• On calling extraction operator in main() e.g. cin>>obj where obj is an object of Customer class, information about customer name, ID and spending should be taken from the user.
• Take a look at the sample output for better understanding.

• On calling insertion operator in main() e.g. cout<<obj, the output in the following format should be displayed.

• You must use the formatting manipulators setw() and setfill() for formatting the text as shown in the output.
• All the formatting of text should be implemented inside overloaded function for extraction operator <<
• The main() function of your solution should contain only these instructions

    system(“pause”);